软件 | 版本 |
---|---|
spring-webmvc | 4.3.6.RELEASE |
spring-test | 4.3.6.RELEASE |
junit | 4.12 |
<dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
如上,引入了4个依赖,其中:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @WebAppConfiguration @ContextConfiguration("file:src/test/java/spring-config.xml") @ActiveProfiles("dev") @TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = true) public abstract class BaseControllerTest { protected MockMvc mvc; @Autowired private WebApplicationContext context; //获取系统上下文 protected WebApplicationContext getCtx() { return this.context; } //初始化方法 @Before public void setup() throws SQLException { this.mvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.context).build(); } //封装返回结果 protected String getMockResultStr(MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder) { try { MvcResult mvcResult = this.mockMvc .perform(requestBuilder) .andExpect(status().isOk()) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); MockHttpServletResponse response = mvcResult.getResponse(); response.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE); return response.getContentAsString(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } }
代码说明
getMockResultStr 方法是封装了公共的测试方法以及响应参数。 其中:
MvcResult mvcResult = this.mockMvc .perform(requestBuilder) .andExpect(status().isOk()) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn();
返回结果的content-type是application/json的请求的单元测试
get请求的测试就是调用MockMvcRequestBuilders的get方法, 在该方法中传入接口地址。
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/v1/works/lineup/set") .param("id", "123") .param("first_flag", String.valueOf(true)); String result = getMockResultStr(requestBuilder);
post请求的测试就是调用MockMvcRequestBuilders的post方法, 在该方法中传入接口地址。
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/v1/blockly/copy") .param("id", "1211"); success(requestBuilder);
文件上传的测试就是调用MockMvcRequestBuilders的multipart方法, 在该方法中传入接口地址。
File file = new File(RestArmWorksControllerTest.class.getClassLoader().getResource("20201102172053.png").toURI()); MockMultipartFile mockMultipartFile = new MockMultipartFile("file", "20201102172053.png", "", new FileInputStream(file)); MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder servletRequestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.multipart("/creation/fileUpload.do") .file(mockMultipartFile); String result = getMockResultStr(servletRequestBuilder);
发送一个json格式的数据到Controller层
String requestJson = JSONObject.toJSONString(folderInfo); MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("//v1/works/save").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(requestJson);
那么,问题来了,如果一个接口的返回结果是视图,那么这个接口的单元测试该如何写呢?比如下面这个接口:
@RequestMapping(value = "/edit") public String edit(ModelMap model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { Long scriptId = null; if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(request.getParameter("scriptId"))) { scriptId = Long.parseLong(request.getParameter("scriptId")); } if (scriptId != null) { MallSuperscript mallSuperscript = superScriptService.getScriptById(scriptId); model.addAttribute("superScript", mallSuperscript); } model.addAttribute("scriptTypeMap", ScriptType.toMap()); logger.info("角标编辑页面返回成功"); return "manage/superScript/edit"; }
这个接口返回的是一个视图,就是名称为edit.jsp页面。它的测试方法可以像下面这样写。
@Test public void testEdit() throws Exception { MvcResult mvcResult = mvc .perform( get("/manage/tab2/superScript/edit").sessionAttr("adminid", "1111") .sessionAttr("platformid", 1001L).param("scriptId", "1111")) .andExpect(status().isOk()).andDo(print()).andReturn(); assertEquals("manage/superScript/edit", mvcResult.getModelAndView().getViewName()); }
通过mvcResult.getModelAndView().getViewName()获取视图的名称。
上面的那些测试针对的都是Controller层的接口,那么如果要测试一个service层的方法,该如何处理呢?
public class MallMailJobTest extends BaseControllerTest { private MallMailJob mallMailJob; @Override @Before public void setup() throws SQLException { super.setup(); mallMailJob = getCtx().getBean(MallMailJob.class); } /** * * @throws Exception */ @Test public void testExecute() throws Exception { mallMailJob.execute(); }
被测试的MallMailJob类也可以通过@Autowired 注解直接注入进Spring IOC容器中。拿到被测试类的实例之后就可以直接调用被测试的方法,是不是灰常的简单呀。
本文详细介绍在SpringMVC任何使用Junit框架。首先介绍了如何引入依赖,接着介绍了编写一个测试基类,并且对其中涉及的各个注解做了一个详细说明。最后就是罗列了各种测试情况。