django-simple-captcha是django的验证码包，非常简单实用，这次记录的是如何点击验证码后刷新验证码，因为这个功能官方文档并没有详细给出。
django-simple-captcha官方文档：http://django-simple-captcha.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
django-simple-captcha的github网址：https://github.com/mbi/django-simple-captcha
开始
1.安装 pip install django-simple-captcha， pip install Pillow
2.将captcha 加入 settings.py 的 INSTALLED_APPS
3.运行 python manage.py makemigrations 和 python manage.py migrate
4.url路由加入urls.py的urlpatterns
urlpatterns = [
path('captcha/', include('captcha.urls')), # 图片验证码 路由
path('refresh_captcha/', views.refresh_captcha), # 刷新验证码，ajax
path('test/',IndexView.as_view()), #get与post请求路径
]
5.在views.py中加入以下代码
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import View
from captcha.models import CaptchaStore
from captcha.helpers import captcha_image_url
from django.http import HttpResponse
import json
# 创建验证码
def captcha():
hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 验证码答案
image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey) # 验证码地址
captcha = {'hashkey': hashkey, 'image_url': image_url}
return captcha
#刷新验证码
def refresh_captcha(request):
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(captcha()), content_type='application/json')
# 验证验证码
def jarge_captcha(captchaStr, captchaHashkey):
if captchaStr and captchaHashkey:
try:
# 获取根据hashkey获取数据库中的response值
get_captcha = CaptchaStore.objects.get(hashkey=captchaHashkey)
if get_captcha.response == captchaStr.lower(): # 如果验证码匹配
return True
except:
return False
else:
return False
class IndexView(View):
def get(self, request):
hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 验证码答案
image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey) # 验证码地址
print(hashkey,image_url)
captcha = {'hashkey': hashkey, 'image_url': image_url}
return render(request, "login.html", locals())
def post(self, request):
capt = request.POST.get("captcha", None) # 用户提交的验证码
key = request.POST.get("hashkey", None) # 验证码答案
if jarge_captcha(capt, key):
return HttpResponse("验证码正确")
else:
return HttpResponse("验证码错误")
6.templates文件夹下login.html的内容
{% load static %}
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/test/" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<a href="#" rel="external nofollow" class="captcha">
<img src="{{ captcha.image_url }}" alt="点击切换" id="id_captcha" >
</a> <br>
<input type="text" name="captcha" placeholder="验证码"> <br>
<input value="{{ captcha.hashkey }}" name="hashkey" type="hidden" id="id_captcha_0">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block ">提交</button>
</form>
<script>
<!-- 动态刷新验证码js -->
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.captcha').click(function () {
$.getJSON("/refresh_captcha/", function (result) {
$('#id_captcha').attr('src', result['image_url']);
$('#id_captcha_0').val(result['hashkey'])
});
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
django-simple-captcha并没有使用session对验证码进行存储，而是使用了数据库，当你在做数据库迁移的时候会生成一个表 captcha_captchastore ，包含以下字段
challenge = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 验证码大写或者数学计算比如 1+1
response = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 需要输入的验证码 验证码小写或数学计算的结果 比如 2
hashkey = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=40, unique=True) # hash值
expiration = models.DateTimeField(blank=False) # 到期时间
