引言
在我们有几十上百的视图类，都有get,post等方法，在功能类似时，会导致大量的重复代码出现，显然还有很多可以优化的地方。这也就有了视图组件，它的功能非常强大，能很好的优化接口逻辑。
视图组件
使用视图组件的mixin优化接口逻辑
- 导入 mixins
- 定义序列化类
- 定义视图类
# 1.导入mixins
from rest_framework.mixins import (
ListModelMixin,
CreateModelMixin,
DestroyModelMixin,
UpdateModelMixin,
RetrieveModelMixin
)
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from DrfOne import models
# 2.定义序列化类
from DrfOne.drf_serializers import BookSerializer
# 3.定义视图类
class BookView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
# 获取数据源, 固定写法
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
# 序列化类, 固定写法
serializer_class = BookSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
class BookFilterView(RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
# 获取数据源, 固定写法
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
# 序列化类, 固定写法
serializer_class = BookSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
定义序列化类
from rest_framework import serializers
from DrfOne import models
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields = "__all__"
extra_kwargs = {
# 仅写
"publish": {'write_only': True},
"authors": {'write_only': True},
}
publish_name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, read_only=True, source="publish.name")
publish_address = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, read_only=True, source="publish.address")
author_name = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_author_name(self, book_obj):
author_list = list()
for author in book_obj.authors.all():
# 注意列表添加字段，author.name而不是author
author_list.append(author.name)
return author_list
注意：操作单条数据的 url
from django.urls import path, re_path
from DrfOne import views
urlpatterns = [
path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
# 需要命名为pk
re_path("books/(?P<pk>\d+)/", views.BookFilterView.as_view()),
]
通过上面代码发现 get , post 等方法内容相似，可以进行再次封装。
使用视图组件的view优化接口逻辑
- 导入 generics
- 导入序列化类
- 定义视图类
对 mixins 再次优化其余内容不变
# 1.导入generics
from rest_framework import generics
from DrfOne import models
# 2.导入序列化类
from DrfOne.drf_serializers import BookSerializer
# 3.定义视图类
class BookView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
# 获取数据源, 固定写法
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
# 序列化类, 固定写法
serializer_class = BookSerializer
class BookFilterView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializer
发现还是有重复代码，再次优化，也就是 viewset 。
使用视图组件的viewset优化接口逻辑
看似已经优化的非常完美了，但是在一个对性能要求极高的项目里面，我们的程序还可以继续优化，不断的优化程序是每个程序员必备的技能。
- 定义 url
- 导入 viewset
- 导入序列化类
- 定义视图类
注意urls.py的变化
from django.urls import path, re_path
from DrfOne import views
urlpatterns = [
# path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
# re_path("books/(?P<pk>\d+)/", views.BookFilterView.as_view()),
path("books/", views.BookView.as_view({
"get": "list",
"post": "create",
})),
re_path('books/(?P<pk>\d+)/', views.BookView.as_view({
'get': 'retrieve',
'put': 'update',
'delete': 'destroy'
})),
]
views.py
# 2.导入viewset模块里的ModelViewSet类
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
# 导入应用里的models
from DrfOne import models
# 3.导入序列化类
from DrfOne.drf_serializers import BookSerializer
# 4.定义视图类
class BookView(ModelViewSet):
# 获取数据源, 固定写法
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
# 序列化类, 固定写法
serializer_class = BookSerializer
~>.<~
