概述
@SpringBootTest注解是SpringBoot自1.4.0版本开始引入的一个用于测试的注解。基本用法如下：
1. 添加Maven依赖
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
2. 编写启动入口类
@SpringBootApplication
public class StartUpApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(StartUpApplication.class, args);
}
}
3. 编写Controller类
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String index() {
return "Hello Spring Boot,Index!";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/test", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String test() {
return "Spring Boot Test Demo!";
}
}
4. 编写测试类
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = StartUpApplication.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class HelloControllerTest {
/**
* @LocalServerPort 提供了 @Value("${local.server.port}") 的代替
*/
@LocalServerPort
private int port;
private URL base;
@Autowired
private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
String url = String.format("http://localhost:%d/", port);
System.out.println(String.format("port is : [%d]", port));
this.base = new URL(url);
}
/**
* 向"/test"地址发送请求，并打印返回结果
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void test1() throws Exception {
ResponseEntity<String> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(
this.base.toString() + "/test", String.class, "");
System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody()));
}
其中，classes属性指定启动类，SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT经常和测试类中@LocalServerPort一起在注入属性时使用。会随机生成一个端口号。
总结
我们发现，随着Spring boot 版本的提升，单元测试变得更简单了。
