import requests
# GET r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
# POST
r = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'})
# PUT DELETE HEAD OPTIONS
r = requests.put('https://httpbin.org/put', data = {'key':'value'})
r = requests.delete('https://httpbin.orghttps://img.qb5200.com/download-x/delete')
r = requests.head('https://httpbin.org/get')
r = requests.options('https://httpbin.org/get')
r 是请求响应(response），我们可以从r对象上获取任何我们想要的信息
传递URL参数方法
>>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)
使用 r.url 查询编码结果，注意字典payload的key对应value 为NONE时，将不会加入查询参数中
>>> print(r.url) https://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&key1=value1
响应response context
>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
# 文本
>>> r.text
u'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...
>>> r.encoding
'utf-8'
# 字节
>>> r.content
b'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...
# JSON
>>> r.json()
[{u'repository': {u'open_issues': 0, u'url': 'https://github.com/...
# 返回json并不代表正确返回response
# 检查返回结果
>>> r.status_code
# raw, 需要设置stream=True
>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events', stream=True)
>>> r.raw <urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x101194810> >>> r.raw.read(10) '\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03'
返回图像数据的处理
>>> from PIL import Image >>> from io import BytesIO >>> i = Image.open(BytesIO(r.content))
stream 类型的保存，response.iter_content 会自动解码gzip类传输编码
with open(filename, 'wb') as fd:
for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=128):
fd.write(chunk)
自定义请求Headers
注意headers 优先级较低，会被很多参数覆盖
>>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
>>> headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}
>>> r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
响应Headers
返回字典格式，不分大小写
>>> r.headers
{
'content-encoding': 'gzip',
'transfer-encoding': 'chunked',
'connection': 'close',
'server': 'nginx/1.0.4',
'x-runtime': '148ms',
'etag': '"e1ca502697e5c9317743dc078f67693f"',
'content-type': 'application/json'
}
响应Cookies
>>> url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url' >>> r = requests.get(url) >>> r.cookies['example_cookie_name'] 'example_cookie_value'
发送带cookies请求
>>> url = 'https://httpbin.org/cookies'
>>> cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
>>> r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
>>> r.text
'{"cookies": {"cookies_are": "working"}}'
