[TOC]
## 前期准备
### 支付宝的接口
### github上提供的API
在github上搜索alipay
### 本地的公钥私钥
**下载之后安装启动**
### 本地公钥换支付宝的公钥
## 支付宝支付
### 入门
```python
"""
1）支付宝API：六大接口
https:/https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/docs.open.alipay.com/270/105900/
2）支付宝工作流程(见下图)：
https:/https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/docs.open.alipay.com/270/105898/
3）支付宝8次异步通知机制(支付宝对我们服务器发送POST请求，索要 success 7个字符)
https:/https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/docs.open.alipay.com/270/105902/
"""
```
```python
# 1、在沙箱环境下实名认证：https://openhome.alipay.com/platform/appDaily.htm?tab=info
# 2、电脑网站支付API：https:/https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/docs.open.alipay.com/270/105900/
# 3、完成RSA密钥生成：https:/https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/docs.open.alipay.com/291/105971
# 4、在开发中心的沙箱应用下设置应用公钥：填入生成的公钥文件中的内容
# 5、Python支付宝开源框架：https://github.com/fzlee/alipay
# >: pip install python-alipay-sdk --upgrade
# 7、公钥私钥设置
"""
# alipay_public_key.pem
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
支付宝公钥
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
# app_private_key.pem
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
用户私钥
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
"""
# 8、支付宝链接
"""
开发：https://openapi.alipay.com/gateway.do
沙箱：https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do
"""
```
## 支付流程
## aliapy二次封装包
### GitHub开源框架
```
https://github.com/fzlee/alipay
```
### 依赖
```
>: pip install python-alipay-sdk --upgrade
# 如果抛ssl相关错误，代表缺失该包
>: pip install pyopenssl
```
### 结构
```python
libs
├── iPay # aliapy二次封装包
│ ├── __init__.py # 包文件
│ ├── pem # 公钥私钥文件夹
│ │ ├── alipay_public_key.pem # 支付宝公钥文件
│ │ ├── app_private_key.pem # 应用私钥文件
│ ├── pay.py # 支付文件
└── └── settings.py # 应用配置
```
### alipay_public_key.pem
```
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
拿应用公钥跟支付宝换来的支付宝公钥
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
```
### app_private_key.pem
```
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
通过支付宝公钥私钥签发软件签发的应用私钥
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
```
### setting.py
```python
import os
# 应用私钥
APP_PRIVATE_KEY_STRING = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'pem', 'app_private_key.pem')).read()
# 支付宝公钥
ALIPAY_PUBLIC_KEY_STRING = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'pem', 'alipay_public_key.pem')).read()
# 应用ID
APP_ID = '2016093000631831'
# 加密方式
SIGN = 'RSA2'
# 是否是支付宝测试环境(沙箱环境)，如果采用真是支付宝环境，配置False
DEBUG = True
# 支付网关
GATEWAY = 'https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do' if DEBUG else 'https://openapi.alipay.com/gateway.do'
```
### pay.py
```python
from alipay import AliPay
from . import settings
# 支付对象
alipay = AliPay(
appid=settings.APP_ID,
app_notify_url=None,
app_private_key_string=settings.APP_PRIVATE_KEY_STRING,
alipay_public_key_string=settings.ALIPAY_PUBLIC_KEY_STRING,
sign_type=settings.SIGN,
debug=settings.DEBUG
)
# 支付网关
gateway = settings.GATEWAY
```
### \__init__.py
```python
# 包对外提供的变量
from .pay import gateway, alipay
```
### 补充：在自己项目的配置文件中配置支付宝回调接口：settings.py | dev.py
```python
# 上线后必须换成公网地址
# 后台基URL
BASE_URL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000'
# 前台基URL
LUFFY_URL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080'
# 支付宝同步异步回调接口配置
# 后台异步回调接口
NOTIFY_URL = BASE_URL + "/order/success/"
# 前台同步回调接口，没有 / 结尾
RETURN_URL = LUFFY_URL + "/pay/success"
```
## 后台 - 支付接口
### 路由：order/urls.py
```python
from django.urls import path, include
from utils.router import router
from . import views
"""
1）支付接口(需要登录认证：是谁)：前台提交商品等信息，得到支付链接
post方法
分析：支付宝回调
同步：get给前台 => 前台可以在收到支付宝同步get回调时，ajax异步在给消息同步给后台，也采用get，后台处理前台的get请求
异步：post给后台 => 后台直接处理支付宝的post请求
2）支付回调接口(不需要登录认证：哪个订单(订单信息中有非对称加密)、支付宝压根不可能有你的token)：
get方法：处理前台来的同步回调（不一定能收得到，所有不能在该方法完成后台订单状态等信息操作）
post方法：处理支付宝来的异步回调
3）订单状态确认接口：随你前台任何时候来校验订单状态的接口
"""
# 支付接口(生成订单)
router.register('pay', views.PayViewSet, 'pay')
urlpatterns = [
path('', include(router.urls)),
path('success/', views.SuccessViewSet.as_view({'get': 'get', 'post': 'post'}))
]
```
### 模型表：order/models.py
```python
"""
class Order(models.Model):
# 主键、总金额、订单名、订单号、订单状态、创建时间、支付时间、流水号、支付方式、支付人(外键) - 优惠劵(外键，可为空)
pass
class OrderDetail(models.Model):
# 订单号(外键)、商品(外键)、实价、成交价 - 商品数量
pass
"""
```
```python
from django.db import models
from user.models import User
from course.models import Course
class Order(models.Model):
"""订单模型"""
status_choices = (
(0, '未支付'),
(1, '已支付'),
(2, '已取消'),
(3, '超时取消'),
)
pay_choices = (
(1, '支付宝'),
(2, '微信支付'),
)
subject = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name="订单标题")
total_amount = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="订单总价", default=0)
out_trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name="订单号", unique=True)
trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=64, null=True, verbose_name="流水号")
order_status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=status_choices, default=0, verbose_name="订单状态")
pay_type = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=pay_choices, default=1, verbose_name="支付方式")
pay_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, verbose_name="支付时间")
user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='order_user', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, db_constraint=False, verbose_name="下单用户")
created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
class Meta:
db_table = "luffy_order"
verbose_name = "订单记录"
verbose_name_plural = "订单记录"
def __str__(self):
return "%s - ￥%s" % (self.subject, self.total_amount)
@property
def courses(self):
data_list = []
for item in self.order_courses.all():
data_list.append({
"id": item.id,
"course_name": item.course.name,
"real_price": item.real_price,
})
return data_list
class OrderDetail(models.Model):
"""订单详情"""
order = models.ForeignKey(Order, related_name='order_courses', on_delete=models.CASCADE, db_constraint=False, verbose_name="订单")
course = models.ForeignKey(Course, related_name='course_orders', on_delete=models.CASCADE, db_constraint=False, verbose_name="课程")
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="课程原价")
real_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="课程实价")
class Meta:
db_table = "luffy_order_detail"
verbose_name = "订单详情"
verbose_name_plural = "订单详情"
def __str__(self):
try:
return "%s的订单：%s" % (self.course.name, self.order.out_trade_no)
except:
return super().__str__()
```
### 支付接口类：order/views.py
```python
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet, ViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from rest_framework.response import Response
from . import models, serializers
# 支付接口
class PayViewSet(GenericViewSet, CreateModelMixin):
permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
queryset = models.Order.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializers.PaySerializer
# 重写create方法，返回pay_url，pay_url是在serializer对象中，所以要知道serializer
def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data, context={'request': request})
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
self.perform_create(serializer)
return Response(serializer.context['pay_url'])
```
### 支付接口序列化类：model/serializers
```python
from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models
from course.models import Course
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.conf import settings
class PaySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 要支持单购物和群购物(购物车)，前台要提交 课程主键(们)
courses = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=Course.objects.all(), write_only=True, many=True)
class Meta:
model = models.Order
fields = ('subject', 'total_amount', 'pay_type', 'courses')
extra_kwargs = {
'total_amount': {
'required': True
},
'pay_type': {
'required': True
},
}
# 订单总结校验
def _check_total_amount(self, attrs):
courses = attrs.get('courses')
total_amount = attrs.get('total_amount')
total_price = 0
for course in courses:
total_price += course.price
if total_price != total_amount:
raise ValidationError('total_amount error')
return total_amount
# 生成订单号
def _get_out_trade_no(self):
import uuid
code = '%s' % uuid.uuid4()
return code.replace('-', '')
# 获取支付人
def _get_user(self):
return self.context.get('request').user
# 获取支付链接
def _get_pay_url(self, out_trade_no, total_amount, subject):
from libs import iPay
order_string = iPay.alipay.api_alipay_trade_page_pay(
out_trade_no=out_trade_no,
total_amount=float(total_amount), # 只有生成支付宝链接时，不能用Decimal
subject=subject,
return_url=settings.RETURN_URL,
notify_url=settings.NOTIFY_URL,
)
pay_url = iPay.gateway + '?' + order_string
# 将支付链接存入，传递给views
self.context['pay_url'] = pay_url
# 入库(两个表)的信息准备
def _before_create(self, attrs, user, out_trade_no):
attrs['user'] = user
attrs['out_trade_no'] = out_trade_no
def validate(self, attrs):
# 1）订单总价校验
total_amount = self._check_total_amount(attrs)
# 2）生成订单号
out_trade_no = self._get_out_trade_no()
# 3）支付用户：request.user
user = self._get_user()
# 4）支付链接生成
self._get_pay_url(out_trade_no, total_amount, attrs.get('subject'))
# 5）入库(两个表)的信息准备
self._before_create(attrs, user, out_trade_no)
# 代表该校验方法通过，进入入库操作
return attrs
# 重写入库方法的目的：完成订单与订单详情两个表入库操作
def create(self, validated_data):
courses = validated_data.pop('courses')
# 订单表入库，不需要courses
order = models.Order.objects.create(**validated_data)
# 订单详情表入库：只需要订单对象，课程对象(courses要拆成一个个course)
for course in courses:
models.OrderDetail.objects.create(order=order, course=course, price=course.price, real_price=course.price)
# 先循环制造数据列表[{}, ..., {}]，用群增完成入库 bulk_create()，效率高
return order
```
## 前台 - 支付生成页面
### 课程主页或是详情页或者搜索页
```vue
...
立即购买
```
## 前台 - 支付成功的回调页面
### router/index.js
```js
import PaySuccess from '../views/PaySuccess.vue'
// ...
const routes = [
// ...
{
path: '/pay/success',
name: 'pay-success',
component: PaySuccess
},
];
```
### 同步回调的参数
```javascript
`
charset=utf-8&
out_trade_no=7f7c7d12d57d45b693e1b49a6b01e1dd&
method=alipay.trade.page.pay.return&
total_amount=39.00&
sign=FUmceqiNMWvxcD%2BUPCHiOTaEwlJ%2FXIXL5UwZWOSI1TwRjPIZVzjRLB4j2G5CQpn472JO8X%2BwMx04dHqjLxqLcY3TRu0XurQ%2FwKTNpyfDrtNuNv0rfGPuVHw52y3blbS7%2FKFVsWryw4%2BBuF2fCrJ4qWH8Zg14Rct7qoMbu73N74WkQtDyzXefiKDbkMMRMfLbelE9TFyeIeygeMId8%2B58mcJMUOh6aQqwpr9bzuBbfJ17fkqU%2F0ys9zGr%2FlDtLL7aAh6BPViqZN%2F9T7byCoferD1BhcSzJNR6V6VuhOdTq8iEaH2XgJT9aIiyHgg3GT1taBBvZX2gK41FSmkguk%2BfsA%3D%3D&
trade_no=2020030722001464020500585462&
auth_app_id=2016093000631831&
version=1.0&
app_id=2016093000631831&
sign_type=RSA2&
seller_id=2088102177958114&
timestamp=2020-03-07%2014%3A47%3A48
`
// 同步回调没与订单状态
```
### views/PaySuccess.vue
```vue
订单号：{{ result.out_trade_no }}
交易号：{{ result.trade_no }}
付款时间：{{ result.timestamp }}
立即学习
```
## 后台 - 支付成功的回调接口
```python
from utils.logging import logger
# 支付回调接口
class SuccessViewSet(ViewSet):
authentication_classes = ()
permission_classes = ()
# 支付宝同步回调给前台，在同步通知给后台处理
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# return Response('后台已知晓，Over！！！')
# 不能在该接口完成订单修改操作
# 但是可以在该接口中校验订单状态(已经收到支付宝post异步通知，订单已修改)，告诉前台
# print(type(request.query_params)) # django.http.request.QueryDict
# print(type(request.query_params.dict())) # dict
out_trade_no = request.query_params.get('out_trade_no')
try:
models.Order.objects.get(out_trade_no=out_trade_no, order_status=1)
return APIResponse(result=True)
except:
return APIResponse(1, 'error', result=False)
# 支付宝异步回调处理
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
try:
result_data = request.data.dict()
out_trade_no = result_data.get('out_trade_no')
signature = result_data.pop('sign')
from libs import iPay
result = iPay.alipay.verify(result_data, signature)
if result and result_data["trade_status"] in ("TRADE_SUCCESS", "TRADE_FINISHED"):
# 完成订单修改：订单状态、流水号、支付时间
models.Order.objects.filter(out_trade_no=out_trade_no).update(order_status=1)
# 完成日志记录
logger.warning('%s订单支付成功' % out_trade_no)
return Response('success')
else:
logger.error('%s订单支付失败' % out_trade_no)
except:
pass
return Response('failed')
```
