协议为方法，属性和其他要求的功能提供了一个蓝本。它只是描述了方法或属性的骨架，而不是实现。方法和属性实现还可以通过定义类，函数和枚举完成。协议的一致性是指方法或属性满足协议的要求。
语法
协议也遵循类似类，结构和枚举的语法：
属性要求由 “var” 关键字作为属性变量声明。 {get set} 使用它们类型声明后声明属性可获取和可设置。 可获取是由它们的类型{get}取属性声明后提及。
protocol classb: classa {
var present: Bool { get set }
var subject: String { get set }
var stname: String { get set }
}
class classc: classb {
var marks = 96
let result = true
var present = false
var subject = "Swift Protocols"
var stname = "Protocols"
func attendance() -> String {
return "The \(stname) has secured 99% attendance"
}
func markssecured() -> String {
return "\(stname) has scored \(marks)"
}
}
let studdet = classc()
studdet.stname = "Swift"
studdet.marks = 98
studdet.markssecured()
println(studdet.marks)
println(studdet.result)
println(studdet.present)
println(studdet.subject)
println(studdet.stname)
98 true false Swift Protocols Swift
不同变形方法要求
enum days: daysofaweek {
case sun, mon, tue, wed, thurs, fri, sat
mutating func print() {
switch self {
case sun:
self = sun
println("Sunday")
case mon:
self = mon
println("Monday")
case tue:
self = tue
println("Tuesday")
case wed:
self = wed
println("Wednesday")
case mon:
self = thurs
println("Thursday")
case tue:
self = fri
println("Friday")
case sat:
self = sat
println("Saturday")
default:
println("NO Such Day")
}
}
}
var res = days.wed
res.print()
Wednesday
初始化程序要求
Swift 允许用户初始化协议遵循类似于正常初始化类型的一致性。
语法
protocol tcpprotocol {
init(aprot: Int)
}
class tcpClass: tcpprotocol {
required init(aprot: Int) {
}
}
当一个子类覆盖其超类的初始化必须由“override”修饰符关键字指定。
class mainClass {
var no1: Int // local storage
init(no1: Int) {
self.no1 = no1 // initialization
}
}
class subClass: mainClass, tcpprotocol {
var no2: Int
init(no1: Int, no2 : Int) {
self.no2 = no2
super.init(no1:no1)
}
// Requires only one parameter for convenient method
required override convenience init(no1: Int) {
self.init(no1:no1, no2:0)
}
}
let res = mainClass(no1: 20)
let print = subClass(no1: 30, no2: 50)
println("res is: \(res.no1)")
println("res is: \(print.no1)")
println("res is: \(print.no2)")
res is: 20 res is: 30 res is: 50
协议作为类型
相反，在协议执行的功能被用作函数，类，方法等类型。
协议可以访问作为类型：
函数，方法或初始化作为一个参数或返回类型
常量，变量或属性
数组，字典或其他容器作为项目
var items = [10,20,30].generate()
while let x = items.next() {
println(x)
}
for lists in map([1,2,3], {i in i*5}) {
println(lists)
}
println([100,200,300])
println(map([1,2,3], {i in i*10}))
10 20 30 5 10 15 [100, 200, 300] [10, 20, 30]
添加协议一致性与扩展
已有的类型可以通过和利用扩展符合新的协议。新属性，方法和下标可以被添加到现有的类型在扩展的帮助下。
class Person {
let firstname: String
let lastname: String
var age: Int
init(firstname: String, lastname: String) {
self.firstname = firstname
self.lastname = lastname
self.age = 10
}
}
extension Person : AgeClasificationProtocol {
func fullname() -> String {
var c: String
c = firstname + " " + lastname
return c
}
func agetype() -> String {
switch age {
case 0...2:
return "Baby"
case 2...12:
return "Child"
case 13...19:
return "Teenager"
case let x where x > 65:
return "Elderly"
default:
return "Normal"
}
}
}
protocol result {
func print(target: classa)
}
class student2: result {
func print(target: classa) {
target.calc(1)
}
}
class classb: result {
func print(target: classa) {
target.calc(5)
}
}
class student: classa {
var no1: Int = 10
func calc(sum: Int) {
no1 -= sum
println("Student attempted \(sum) times to pass")
if no1 <= 0 {
println("Student is absent for exam")
}
}
}
class Player {
var stmark: result!
init(stmark: result) {
self.stmark = stmark
}
func print(target: classa) {
stmark.print(target)
}
}
var marks = Player(stmark: student2())
var marksec = student()
marks.print(marksec)
marks.print(marksec)
marks.print(marksec)
marks.stmark = classb()
marks.print(marksec)
marks.print(marksec)
marks.print(marksec)
Student attempted 1 times to pass Student attempted 1 times to pass Student attempted 1 times to pass Student attempted 5 times to pass Student attempted 5 times to pass Student is absent for exam Student attempted 5 times to pass Student is absent for exam
只有类协议
当协议被定义，并且用户想要定义协议与它应该通过定义类第一后跟协议的继承列表被添加的类。
class mainClass {
var no1: Int // local storage
init(no1: Int) {
self.no1 = no1 // initialization
}
}
class subClass: mainClass, tcpprotocol {
var no2: Int
init(no1: Int, no2 : Int) {
self.no2 = no2
super.init(no1:no1)
}
// Requires only one parameter for convenient method
required override convenience init(no1: Int) {
self.init(no1:no1, no2:0)
}
}
let res = mainClass(no1: 20)
let print = subClass(no1: 30, no2: 50)
println("res is: \(res.no1)")
println("res is: \(print.no1)")
println("res is: \(print.no2)")
res is: 20 res is: 30 res is: 50
协议组合
Swift 允许多个协议在协议组合的帮助下调用一次。
语法
protocol stage {
var age: Int { get }
}
struct Person: stname, stage {
var name: String
var age: Int
}
func print(celebrator: protocol<stname, stage>) {
println("\(celebrator.name) is \(celebrator.age) years old")
}
let studname = Person(name: "Priya", age: 21)
print(studname)
let stud = Person(name: "Rehan", age: 29)
print(stud)
let student = Person(name: "Roshan", age: 19)
print(student)
Priya is 21 years old Rehan is 29 years old Roshan is 19 years old
检查协议一致性
协议一致性是 is 和 as 类似于类型转换的操作符测试。
如果一个实例符合协议标准，is运算符如果失败返回false ，否则返回true。
as? 版本是向下转型操作符，返回协议的类型的可选值，并且如果该值是nil ，实例不符合该协议。
as 版是向下转型操作符，强制向下转型的协议类型并触发一个运行时错误，如果向下转型不会成功。
@objc protocol rectangle {
var area: Double { get }
}
@objc class Circle: rectangle {
let pi = 3.1415927
var radius: Double
var area: Double { return pi * radius * radius }
init(radius: Double) { self.radius = radius }
}
@objc class result: rectangle {
var area: Double
init(area: Double) { self.area = area }
}
class sides {
var rectsides: Int
init(rectsides: Int) { self.rectsides = rectsides }
}
let objects: [AnyObject] = [Circle(radius: 2.0),result(area: 198),sides(rectsides: 4)]
for object in objects {
if let objectWithArea = object as? rectangle {
println("Area is \(objectWithArea.area)")
} else {
println("Rectangle area is not defined")
}
}
Area is 12.5663708 Area is 198.0 Rectangle area is not defined
