为何使用MockMvc？
对模块进行集成测试时，希望能够通过输入URL对Controller进行测试，如果通过启动服务器，建立http client进行测试，这样会使得测试变得很麻烦，比如，启动速度慢，测试验证不方便，依赖网络环境等，所以为了可以对Controller进行测试，我们引入了MockMVC。
MockMvc实现了对Http请求的模拟，能够直接使用网络的形式，转换到Controller的调用，这样可以使得测试速度快、不依赖网络环境，而且提供了一套验证的工具，这样可以使得请求的验证统一而且很方便。
MockMvcBuilder
MockMvc是spring测试下的一个非常好用的类，他们的初始化需要在setUp中进行。
MockMvcBuilder是用来构造MockMvc的构造器，其主要有两个实现：StandaloneMockMvcBuilder和DefaultMockMvcBuilder，前者继承了后者。
① MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(WebApplicationContext context)：指定WebApplicationContext，将会从该上下文获取相应的控制器并得到相应的MockMvc；
② MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(Object... controllers)：通过参数指定一组控制器，这样就不需要从上下文获取了，比如this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(this.controller).build();
这些Builder还提供了其他api，可以自行百度
1.添加测试依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>top.ytheng</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
<scope>true</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.添加MocMvc测试类
package top.ytheng.demo;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
//底层用junit SpringJunit4ClassRunner
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
//启动整个Springboot工程
@SpringBootTest(classes= {DemoApplication.class})
//鼠标选中SpringBootTestDemo后执行Run As -> JUnit Test可以同时执行多个测试
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class MockMvcTestDemo {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Test
public void mockTest() throws Exception {
MvcResult mockResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/file/testpath")).
andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).andReturn();
int status = mockResult.getResponse().getStatus();
System.out.println(status);
}
}
3.添加测试控制器
package top.ytheng.demo.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/file")
public class FileController {
@RequestMapping("/testpath")
@ResponseBody
private Object testPath() {
return filePath;
}
}
4.添加启动类
package top.ytheng.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication //等于下面3个
//@SpringBootConfiguration
//@EnableAutoConfiguration
//@ComponentScan
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
5.鼠标选中MockMvcTestDemo类名，使用快捷键启动JUnit测试(Shift + Alt + X,T)，进行测试
