C++实现俄罗斯方块 C++实现俄罗斯方块（windows API）

#include <windows.h> 
#include <iostream> 
#include <cstdlib> 
#include <ctime> 
using namespace std; 
#define CellWidth 20 
#define MAP_WIDTH 12 
#define MAP_HEIGHT 18 
#define ID_TIMER 1 
class map_floor; 
class Block; 
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); 
/* Make the class name into a global variable */ 
char szClassName[ ] = "CodeBlocksWindowsApp"; 
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hThisInstance, 
           HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, 
           LPSTR lpszArgument, 
           int nCmdShow) 
{ 
  HWND hwnd;        /* This is the handle for our window */ 
  MSG messages;      /* Here messages to the application are saved */ 
  WNDCLASSEX wincl;    /* Data structure for the windowclass */ 
 
  /* The Window structure */ 
  wincl.hInstance = hThisInstance; 
  wincl.lpszClassName = szClassName; 
  wincl.lpfnWndProc = WindowProcedure;   /* This function is called by windows */ 
  wincl.style = CS_DBLCLKS|CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;         /* Catch double-clicks */ 
  wincl.cbSize = sizeof (WNDCLASSEX); 
 
  /* Use default icon and mouse-pointer */ 
  wincl.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); 
  wincl.hIconSm = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); 
  wincl.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW); 
  wincl.lpszMenuName = NULL;         /* No menu */ 
  wincl.cbClsExtra = 0;           /* No extra bytes after the window class */ 
  wincl.cbWndExtra = 0;           /* structure or the window instance */ 
  /* Use Windows's default colour as the background of the window */ 
  wincl.hbrBackground =(HBRUSH) GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);//COLOR_BACKGROUND; 
 
  /* Register the window class, and if it fails quit the program */ 
  if (!RegisterClassEx (&wincl)) 
    return 0; 
 
  /* The class is registered, let's create the program*/ 
  hwnd = CreateWindowEx ( 
      0,         /* Extended possibilites for variation */ 
      szClassName,     /* Classname */ 
      "Code::Blocks Template Windows App",    /* Title Text */ 
      WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, /* default window */ 
      CW_USEDEFAULT,    /* Windows decides the position */ 
      CW_USEDEFAULT,    /* where the window ends up on the screen */ 
      CW_USEDEFAULT,         /* The programs width */ 
      CW_USEDEFAULT,         /* and height in pixels */ 
      NULL,    /* The window is a child-window to desktop */ 
      NULL,        /* No menu */ 
      hThisInstance,    /* Program Instance handler */ 
      NULL         /* No Window Creation data */ 
      ); 
 
  /* Make the window visible on the screen */ 
  ShowWindow (hwnd, nCmdShow); 
 
  /* Run the message loop. It will run until GetMessage() returns 0 */ 
  while (GetMessage (&messages, NULL, 0, 0)) 
  { 
    /* Translate virtual-key messages into character messages */ 
    TranslateMessage(&messages); 
    /* Send message to WindowProcedure */ 
    DispatchMessage(&messages); 
  } 
 
  /* The program return-value is 0 - The value that PostQuitMessage() gave */ 
  return messages.wParam; 
} 
 
enum{e_LINE,e_CORNER,e_STAIR,e_TANCK,e_TIAN}; 
const int TOTAL_BLOCK_STYLE = 5;//方块类型有4种 
class Block 
{ 
  public: 
      Block(int x = 100, int y = 100); 
      Block(const Block & rh)//复制构造函数，可能没什么用，但是还是定义它吧 
      { 
        this->m_style = rh.m_style; 
        this->m_direct = rh.m_direct; 
        for(int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++) 
          this->m_block[i] = rh.m_block[i]; 
      } 
      Block & operator = (const Block& rh)//重载=号，实现方块的赋值 
      { 
        this->m_style = rh.m_style; 
        this->m_direct = rh.m_direct; 
        for(int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++) 
          this->m_block[i] = rh.m_block[i]; 
        return *this; 
      } 
      ~Block(){} 
  int   create_block(int x = 100 , int y = 100); 
  //显示在游戏区内移动的方块 
  int   show_block(HDC hdc,const POINT& GameLeftTop); 
  //显示将要出现的方块，即游戏区左边的方块 
  int   show_next_block(HDC hdc); 
  //旋转，该函数比较难实现，代码量也比较大，以后有时间在慢慢优化，关于解析看定义处 
  int   rotate(); 
  //产生随机方块 
  int   random_block(); 
 
  //下面为方块移动的成员函数 
  int   get_block_height(){ return m_block[1].y;} 
  int   move_down(const RECT& GameClient); 
  int   move_left(const RECT& GameClient); 
  int   move_right(const RECT& GameClient); 
  int   move_up(const RECT& GameClient); 
  int   move_to(int x , int y); 
  //检测方块是否在游戏区内 
//  int   check_block(const map_floor& map, const RECT& GameClent); 
  int   check_block(const map_floor& map, const POINT& LeftTopScrCdnt); 
  int   print_to_map(map_floor& map , const POINT& LeftTopScrCdnt); 
  private: 
  int   m_style;//方块的风格样式，具体看定义的枚举变量 
  int   m_direct;//方块的方向，是对m_style的具体数据 
 POINT   m_block[4];//下标为1的方块是中心坐标，旋转都是围绕着该方块进行，这样可以利于旋转和逻辑清晰 
}; 
class map_floor 
{ 
  public: 
    map_floor() 
    { 
      ZeroMemory(m_block_bar,sizeof(int )*12*18); 
    } 
    ~map_floor(){} 
  void show_block_bar(HDC hdc , const POINT& LeftTopScrCdnt) 
  { 
    for(int i = 0 ; i < MAP_HEIGHT ; ++ i) 
    { 
      for(int j = 0 ; j < MAP_WIDTH ; ++ j) 
      { 
        if(m_block_bar[i][j]) 
        { 
          Rectangle(hdc,LeftTopScrCdnt.x + j*CellWidth , LeftTopScrCdnt.y + i*CellWidth, 
                 LeftTopScrCdnt.x + (j+1)*CellWidth , LeftTopScrCdnt.y + (i+1)*CellWidth); 
        } 
      } 
    } 
 
  } 
  friend class Block; 
  protected: 
 
  private: 
 
  int     m_block_bar[MAP_HEIGHT][MAP_WIDTH];//游戏区的地板，用18*12的二维数组表示 
 
 
}; 
 
Block::Block(int x , int y) 
{ 
//  ZeroMemory(m_block_bar,sizeof(int )*12*18); 
  srand( (unsigned)time( NULL ) );//初始化随机数，用于产生方块 
//  POINT pt = {100,100}; 
  create_block(x,y); 
} 
int Block::random_block() 
{ 
  m_style = rand()%TOTAL_BLOCK_STYLE; 
//  m_style = e_CORNER; //测试之用 
//  m_style = e_LINE; //测试之用 
  if(m_style == e_STAIR || m_style == e_TANCK) 
    m_direct = rand()%4; 
  else if(m_style == e_LINE) 
    m_direct = rand()%2; 
  else if(m_style == e_CORNER) 
    m_direct = rand()%8; 
  else if(m_style == e_TIAN) 
    m_direct = 0; 
  m_direct = 1; 
 
} 
int  Block::check_block(const map_floor& map, const POINT& LeftTopScrCdnt) 
{ 
  int x , y ; //x , y 为方块相对于地图的坐标，左上角为（0，0） 
  for(int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++) 
  { 
    x = (m_block[i].x - LeftTopScrCdnt.x)/CellWidth; 
    y = (m_block[i].y - LeftTopScrCdnt.y)/CellWidth; 
    if(x < 0 || x >= MAP_WIDTH || y >= MAP_HEIGHT)//不用检测y < 0 的情况 
    return 0; 
    if(y < 0) continue; 
    if(map.m_block_bar[y][x]) 
    return 0; 
  } 
  return 1; 
} 
int Block::move_down(const RECT& GameClient)//下移，由计时器消息调用 
{ 
  int i; 
//  for (i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++ ) 
//  { 
//   if(m_block[i].y == GameClient.bottom - CellWidth) 
//   return 0; 
//  } 
  for (i = 0; i < 4 ;i ++ ) 
  { 
    m_block[i].y += CellWidth; 
  } 
  return 1; 
} 
int Block::move_up(const RECT& GameClient) 
{ 
  move_to(m_block[1].x,m_block[1].y - CellWidth); 
  return 1; 
} 
int Block::move_left(const RECT& GameClient) 
{ 
  move_to(m_block[1].x - CellWidth,m_block[1].y); 
  return 1; 
} 
int Block::move_right(const RECT& GameClient) 
{ 
  move_to(m_block[1].x + CellWidth , m_block[1].y); 
  return 1; 
} 
int Block::create_block(int x , int y) 
{ 
  m_block[1].x = x; 
  m_block[1].y = y; 
  random_block(); 
  rotate(); 
  return 1; 
} 
int Block::move_to(int x , int y) 
{ 
  int Vx = x - m_block[1].x; 
  int Vy = y - m_block[1].y; 
  for(int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++) 
  { 
    m_block[i].x += Vx; 
    m_block[i].y += Vy; 
  } 
} 
int Block::print_to_map(map_floor& map , const POINT& LeftTopScrCdnt) 
{ 
  int x , y; 
  int i , j; 
  for(i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++ ) 
  { 
    x = (m_block[i].x - LeftTopScrCdnt.x)/CellWidth; 
    y = (m_block[i].y - LeftTopScrCdnt.y)/CellWidth; 
    if(x<0 || x >= MAP_WIDTH || y <0 || y >= MAP_HEIGHT)//为保安全 ，测试之用，完成后将被注释掉 
      return 0; 
    map.m_block_bar[y][x] = 1 ; 
    for(j = 0 ; j < MAP_WIDTH ; j ++) 
    { 
      if(map.m_block_bar[y][j] != 1) 
        break; 
    } 
    if(MAP_WIDTH == j) 
    { 
      for(j = 0 ; j < MAP_WIDTH ; j ++) 
      { 
        map.m_block_bar[y][j] = 5;//数字5代表要消掉的行 
      } 
    } 
 
  } 
  int idx; 
  for(i = 0 ; i < MAP_WIDTH ; i ++) 
  { 
    for(idx = j = MAP_HEIGHT - 1 ; j >= 0 ; j --) 
    { 
      if(map.m_block_bar[j][i] != 5) 
      { 
        map.m_block_bar[idx--][i] = map.m_block_bar[j][i]; 
      } 
    } 
    while(idx >= 0) 
    { 
      map.m_block_bar[idx--][i] = 0; 
    } 
  } 
  return 1; 
} 
 
//下面该函数功能是实现方块旋转，可以说是整个【俄罗斯方块】的难点所在，也是其核心部分 
//方块用以数组block【4】表示，其余3个方格都将围绕block【1】旋转，方块由于有不对称方块 
//存在，我原本是要分7种，但是后面代码量太大了，所以我将方块根据样式归为了四种，分别是： 
// 
//e_LINE 线形   就是一条线的那个，这个是对称的方块，只需分两个方向分别为横向和纵向，方向 
//        用m_direct保持，其他的方块一样 
// 
//e_TANCK 坦克形 这个是方块是对称的，分四种方向，根据m_direct对4进行求余的方法可以大大缩减 
//        代码量，对于下面两种方块也是利用了求余的方式化简许多，才使得代码不会那么冗余， 
//        这是后面我才想到的方法。 
// 
//e_STAIR 楼梯形 这个方块相对前面两种来说有点难度，主要是因为它不是对称的，但是相对下面的这种 
//        来说比较简单，原本我没用对m_direct求余的方法时，我将它分为了e_STAIR_BACK和e_STAIR_FRONT 
//        两类来讨论的，后面发现代码可以缩减才将其归为一类只要记住block【0】和block【1】的位置不会 
//        变化，变化的是block【2】和block【3】，block【2】相对block【1】上移或下移，x坐标与block【1】 
//        相同，block【3】.y一直在block【1】下面一行，相对其左右变化 
// 
//e_CORNER 角形 这个方块个人觉得是最难旋转的方块，与上面一种异样，原本我将它分为e_CORNER_FRONT , e_CORNER_BACK 
//        两类，每类有四个方向的变化，后来根据求余可以将同一个方向的变化变为一种，只是block【3】号方块要 
//        根据m_direct方向来进行调整 
 
int Block::rotate() 
{ 
      switch (m_style) 
      { 
        case e_LINE: 
        { 
          switch(m_direct) 
          { 
            case 0://横向转为纵向 
            { 
              for(int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++) 
                { 
                  m_block[i].x = m_block[1].x; 
                  m_block[i].y = m_block[1].y + (1-i)*CellWidth; 
                } 
              m_direct = 1; 
            } 
              break; 
            case 1://纵向转为横向 
            { 
              for(int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++) 
              { 
                  m_block[i].y = m_block[1].y; 
                  m_block[i].x = m_block[1].x + (1-i)*CellWidth; 
              } 
              m_direct = 0; 
            } 
              break; 
          } 
        } 
          break; 
        //下面为楼梯风格的方块，由于其不是对称的分类为正反两种，正反种风格各有两种变化， 
        //m_direct% == 0是正反两面的同种变化 
        case e_STAIR: 
        { 
          int flag; 
          flag = m_direct < 2 ? 1 : -1; 
          m_block[0].x = m_block[1].x + flag*CellWidth; 
          m_block[0].y = m_block[1].y; 
          m_block[2].x = m_block[1].x; 
          m_block[3].y = m_block[1].y + CellWidth; 
          if(m_direct%2 == 0) 
          { 
            m_block[2].y = m_block[1].y - CellWidth; 
            m_block[3].x = m_block[1].x + flag*CellWidth; 
            m_direct++; 
          } 
          else 
          { 
            m_block[2].y = m_block[1].y + CellWidth; 
            m_block[3].x = m_block[1].x - flag*CellWidth; 
            if(m_direct < 2) m_direct = 0; 
            else       m_direct = 2; 
          } 
        } 
          break; 
        //角形方块，与楼梯形方块一样非对称，有正反俩个种，每种有四种变化， 
        //下面根据m_direct%4的值将这些变化归类解决，对于正，反面对应的相同 
        //变化的方向，只有block【3】方格位置不一样，可以看我画的图对比即可了解 
        case e_CORNER: 
        { 
          switch (m_direct%4) 
          { 
            case 0: 
            { 
              m_block[0].x = m_block[1].x+CellWidth; 
              m_block[0].y = m_block[2].y = m_block[1].y; 
              m_block[2].x = m_block[1].x-CellWidth; 
              m_block[3].x = m_block[1].x-CellWidth; 
              if(m_direct>=4) m_block[3].y = m_block[1].y-CellWidth; 
              else       m_block[3].y = m_block[1].y+CellWidth; 
              m_direct ++; 
            } 
              break; 
            case 1: 
            { 
              m_block[0].x = m_block[2].x = m_block[1].x; 
              m_block[0].y = m_block[1].y+CellWidth; 
              m_block[2].y = m_block[1].y-CellWidth; 
              if(m_direct>=4)   m_block[3].x = m_block[1].x+CellWidth; 
              else       m_block[3].x = m_block[1].x-CellWidth; 
              m_block[3].y = m_block[1].y-CellWidth; 
              m_direct ++; 
            } 
              break; 
            case 2: 
            { 
              m_block[0].x = m_block[1].x-CellWidth; 
              m_block[0].y = m_block[2].y = m_block[1].y; 
              m_block[2].x = m_block[1].x+CellWidth; 
              m_block[3].x = m_block[1].x+CellWidth; 
              if (m_direct>=4)  m_block[3].y = m_block[1].y+CellWidth; 
              else       m_block[3].y = m_block[1].y-CellWidth; 
 
              m_direct ++; 
            } 
              break; 
            case 3: 
            { 
              m_block[0].x = m_block[2].x = m_block[1].x; 
              m_block[0].y = m_block[1].y-CellWidth; 
              m_block[2].y = m_block[1].y+CellWidth; 
              if(m_direct>=4)  { m_block[3].x = m_block[1].x-CellWidth; m_direct = 4;} 
              else       { m_block[3].x = m_block[1].x+CellWidth; m_direct = 0;} 
              m_block[3].y = m_block[1].y+CellWidth; 
            } 
              break; 
            default: 
              break; 
          } 
 
        } 
          break; 
        case e_TANCK://坦克形方块，与线形方块一样是对称的，分四种变化 
        { 
          switch (m_direct%2) 
          { 
            case 0: 
            { 
              m_block[0].x = m_block[2].x = m_block[1].x; 
              m_block[0].y = m_block[1].y - CellWidth; 
              m_block[2].y = m_block[1].y + CellWidth; 
              int flag = m_direct == 0 ? 1 : -1; 
              m_block[3].x = m_block[1].x + flag*CellWidth; 
              m_block[3].y = m_block[1].y; 
              m_direct++; 
            } 
              break; 
            case 1: 
            { 
              m_block[0].y = m_block[2].y = m_block[1].y; 
              m_block[0].x = m_block[1].x - CellWidth; 
              m_block[2].x = m_block[1].x + CellWidth; 
              m_block[3].x = m_block[1].x; 
              int flag = m_direct == 3 ? -1:1; 
              m_block[3].y = m_block[1].y + flag*CellWidth; 
              if(m_direct == 3) m_direct = 0; 
              else m_direct++; 
 
            } 
              break; 
            default: 
              break; 
          } 
 
        } 
          break; 
        case e_TIAN: 
        { 
          m_block[0].y = m_block[1].y; 
          m_block[0].x = m_block[1].x + CellWidth; 
          m_block[2].x = m_block[1].x; 
          m_block[2].y = m_block[1].y + CellWidth; 
          m_block[3].x = m_block[1].x + CellWidth; 
          m_block[3].y = m_block[1].y + CellWidth; 
        } 
          break; 
 
        default: 
          break; 
      } 
 
        return 0; 
} 
int Block::show_block(HDC hdc,const POINT& GameLeftTop) 
{ 
  for (int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++ ) 
  { 
    if(m_block[i].y >= GameLeftTop.y) 
      Rectangle(hdc,m_block[i].x,m_block[i].y,m_block[i]. 
           x+CellWidth,m_block[i].y+CellWidth); 
    if(i==0)//测试所用，完成后将会被注释掉 
    {MoveToEx(hdc,m_block[i].x,m_block[i].y,NULL); 
    LineTo(hdc,m_block[i].x+CellWidth,m_block[i].y+CellWidth);} 
 
  } 
  return 1; 
} 
int Block::show_next_block(HDC hdc) 
{ 
   for (int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i ++ ) 
  { 
 
    Rectangle(hdc,m_block[i].x,m_block[i].y,m_block[i]. 
           x+CellWidth,m_block[i].y+CellWidth); 
  } 
  return 1; 
} 
Block block , next_block , try_block; 
map_floor map;int d = 0; 
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) 
{ 
   HDC     hdc ; 
   PAINTSTRUCT ps ; 
   //游戏客户区 
   static RECT GameClient; 
   //一个方格的像素为CellWidth = 20 游戏区宽 12 个方格 高 18 个方格 
   const int  Width = 240 ,Height = 360; 
   static POINT LeftTopScrCdnt;//游戏区得左上角坐标 
 
   switch (message) 
   { 
   case WM_CREATE: 
     SetTimer(hwnd,ID_TIMER,500,NULL); 
     return 0 ; 
   case WM_SIZE: 
     GetClientRect(hwnd,&GameClient); 
     LeftTopScrCdnt.x = (GameClient.right-GameClient.left)/2 - Width/2; 
     LeftTopScrCdnt.y = GameClient.top + 50; 
     GameClient.left  = LeftTopScrCdnt.x; 
     GameClient.top  = LeftTopScrCdnt.y; 
     GameClient.right = LeftTopScrCdnt.x + Width; 
     GameClient.bottom = LeftTopScrCdnt.y + Height; 
     //创建下一个将要出现的方块 
     next_block.create_block(GameClient.right+2*CellWidth,(GameClient.bottom+GameClient.top)/2-3*CellWidth); 
     block.move_to((GameClient.right+GameClient.left)/2,GameClient.top-CellWidth); 
 
     break; 
   case WM_TIMER: 
     block.move_down(GameClient); 
     if(!block.check_block(map,LeftTopScrCdnt))//检测方块的碰撞，如果则说明方块到底底部，将其上移然后打印进地图 
     { 
       block.move_up(GameClient); 
       if(!block.check_block(map,LeftTopScrCdnt) || 
         block.get_block_height() <= LeftTopScrCdnt.y )//检测游戏是否结束 
         { 
           KillTimer(hwnd,ID_TIMER); 
           d = 4; 
         } 
       block.print_to_map(map,LeftTopScrCdnt); 
       SendMessage(hwnd,WM_KEYDOWN,VK_ESCAPE,0); 
     } 
     InvalidateRect(hwnd,NULL,true); 
     break; 
   case WM_PAINT: 
     hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; 
     MoveToEx(hdc,LeftTopScrCdnt.x,LeftTopScrCdnt.y,NULL); 
     Rectangle(hdc,GameClient.left,GameClient.top,GameClient.right,GameClient.bottom);//游戏区边框 
     SelectObject(hdc,GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH)); 
     map.show_block_bar(hdc,LeftTopScrCdnt); 
     block.show_block(hdc,LeftTopScrCdnt); 
     next_block.show_next_block(hdc); 
     EndPaint (hwnd, &ps); 
     break; 
   case WM_KEYDOWN: 
     InvalidateRect(hwnd,NULL,true); 
     switch (wParam) 
     { 
      case VK_SPACE: 
      { 
        try_block = block; 
        try_block.rotate(); 
        if(try_block.check_block(map ,LeftTopScrCdnt)) 
          block = try_block; 
        break; 
      } 
      case VK_LEFT: 
      { 
        block.move_left(GameClient); 
        if(!block.check_block(map ,LeftTopScrCdnt)) 
          block.move_right(GameClient); 
      } 
        break; 
      case VK_RIGHT: 
      { 
        block.move_right(GameClient); 
        if (!block.check_block(map ,LeftTopScrCdnt)) 
          block.move_left(GameClient); 
      } 
        break; 
      case VK_DOWN: 
      { 
//        block.move_down(GameClient); 
         SendMessage(hwnd,WM_TIMER,0,0); 
      } 
        break; 
 
      case VK_ESCAPE://测试用，完成后将会被注释掉 
      { 
        block = next_block; 
        next_block.create_block(GameClient.right+2*CellWidth,(GameClient.bottom+GameClient.top)/2-3*CellWidth); 
        block.move_to((GameClient.right+GameClient.left)/2,GameClient.top-CellWidth); 
      } 
        break; 
      default: 
        break; 
     } 
     break; 
   case WM_DESTROY: 
     PostQuitMessage (0) ; 
     return 0 ; 
   } 
   return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; 
}