混编的含义有两种，
一种是在python里面写C
一种是C里面写python
本文主要是进行简化，方便使用。
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第一种、Python调用C动态链接库（利用ctypes）
pycall.c
/***gcc -o libpycall.so -shared -fPIC pycall.c*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int foo(int a, int b)
{
printf("you input %d and %d\n", a, b);
return a+b;
}
pycall.py
import ctypes
ll = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary
lib = ll("./libpycall.so")
lib.foo(1, 3)
print '***finish***'
运行方法：
gcc -o libpycall.so -shared -fPIC pycall.c
python pycall.py
第2种、Python调用C++(类)动态链接库（利用ctypes）
pycallclass.cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class TestLib
{
public:
void display();
void display(int a);
};
void TestLib::display() {
cout<<"First display"<<endl;
}
void TestLib::display(int a) {
cout<<"Second display:"<<a<<endl;
}
extern "C" {
TestLib obj;
void display() {
obj.display();
}
void display_int() {
obj.display(2);
}
}
pycallclass.py
import ctypes
so = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary
lib = so("./libpycallclass.so")
print 'display()'
lib.display()
print 'display(100)'
lib.display_int(100)
运行方法：
g++ -o libpycallclass.so -shared -fPIC pycallclass.cpp
python pycallclass.py
第3种、Python调用C和C++可执行程序
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int test()
{
int a = 10, b = 5;
return a+b;
}
int main()
{
cout<<"---begin---"<<endl;
int num = test();
cout<<"num="<<num<<endl;
cout<<"---end---"<<endl;
}
main.py
import commands import os main = "./testmain" if os.path.exists(main): rc, out = commands.getstatusoutput(main) print 'rc = %d, \nout = %s' % (rc, out) print '*'*10 f = os.popen(main) data = f.readlines() f.close() print data print '*'*10 os.system(main)
运行方法（只有这种不是生成.so然后让python文件来调用）：
g++ -o testmain main.cpp
python main.py
第4种、扩展Python（C++为Python编写扩展模块）（超级麻烦的一种）
Extest2.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int fac(int n)
{
if (n < 2) return(1);
return (n)*fac(n-1);
}
char *reverse(char *s)
{
register char t,
*p = s,
*q = (s + (strlen(s) - 1));
while (s && (p < q))
{
t = *p;
*p++ = *q;
*q-- = t;
}
return(s);
}
int test()
{
char s[BUFSIZ];
printf("4! == %d\n", fac(4));
printf("8! == %d\n", fac(8));
printf("12! == %d\n", fac(12));
strcpy(s, "abcdef");
printf("reversing 'abcdef', we get '%s'\n", \
reverse(s));
strcpy(s, "madam");
printf("reversing 'madam', we get '%s'\n", \
reverse(s));
return 0;
}
#include "Python.h"
static PyObject *
Extest_fac(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
int num;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &num))
return NULL;
return (PyObject*)Py_BuildValue("i", fac(num));
}
static PyObject *
Extest_doppel(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
char *orig_str;
char *dupe_str;
PyObject* retval;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &orig_str))
return NULL;
retval = (PyObject*)Py_BuildValue("ss", orig_str,
dupe_str=reverse(strdup(orig_str)));
free(dupe_str);
return retval;
}
static PyObject *
Extest_test(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
test();
return (PyObject*)Py_BuildValue("");
}
static PyMethodDef
ExtestMethods[] =
{
{ "fac", Extest_fac, METH_VARARGS },
{ "doppel", Extest_doppel, METH_VARARGS },
{ "test", Extest_test, METH_VARARGS },
{ NULL, NULL },
};
void initExtest()
{
Py_InitModule("Extest", ExtestMethods);
}
setup.py
#!/usr/bin/env python from distutils.core import setup, Extension MOD = 'Extest' setup(name=MOD, ext_modules=[Extension(MOD, sources=['Extest2.c'])])
运行方法：
python setup.py build
cd build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
进入python交互模式>>>
import Extest Extest.test()
