Win10系统下MySQL 8.0.20安装和配置超详细教程
MySQL下载
MySQL直接去官网下载就行，选择community版本（免费）下载，链接。
在select operating system中选择Microsoft Windows，下方对应出现最新版本的MySQL，目前是MySQL 8.0.20，有两个zip文件，选择第一个Windows (x86, 64-bit), ZIP Archive点击右侧的Download按钮进行下载
官网下载有时速度比较慢，直接点击链接也可以下载：mysql 8.0.20
安装与配置
将下载好的压缩包解压缩到全英文目录下，比如我在D盘新建了MySQL文件夹，解压到该文件夹下，D:/MySQL
然后把mysql 8.0.20所在的路径D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64添加到环境变量Path中
接下来正式安装和配置MySQL：
（一）首先在D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64路径下创建一个my.ini文件，直接新建文本文档，然后重命名为my.ini即可。
在文档中添加以下内容：
（注意修改basedir和datadir的路径）
[mysqld] # 设置3306端口 port=3306 # 设置mysql的安装目录 basedir=D:\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.20-winx64 # 此处为mysql的解压缩路径 # 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录 datadir=D:\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\\Data # 此处同上，先不要在路径中创建Data目录，后面初始化时会自动生成 # 允许最大连接数 max_connections=200 # 允许连接失败的次数。这是为了防止有人从该主机试图攻击数据库系统 max_connect_errors=10 # 服务端使用的字符集默认为UTF8 character-set-server=utf8 # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎 default-storage-engine=INNODB # 默认使用“mysql_native_password”插件认证 default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password [mysql] # 设置mysql客户端默认字符集 default-character-set=utf8 [client] # 设置mysql客户端连接服务端时默认使用的端口 port=3306 default-character-set=utf8
（二）以管理员权限打开cmd（注意要以管理员权限打开），并将路径切换到D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\bin
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.18363.815] (c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。 C:\Windows\system32>D: D:\>cd MySQL D:\MySQL>cd mysql-8.0.20-winx64 D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64>cd bin D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\bin>
输入mysqld --initialize --console，进行初始化。该步可以得到mysql的初始密码，root@localhost后面那一串就是初始密码，先记录下来，待会要用到
D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\bin>mysqld --initialize --console 2020-05-10T11:26:21.895908Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.20) initializing of server in progress as process 9764 2020-05-10T11:26:21.897278Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous. 2020-05-10T11:26:21.915225Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started. 2020-05-10T11:26:22.619057Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended. 2020-05-10T11:26:24.265774Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 9Zh31zk-@mof
输入mysqld --install（如果需要安装多个mysql服务，这步输入mysqld --install [服务名]）
D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\bin>mysqld --install Service successfully installed.
显示Service successfully installed则说明安装成功
输入net start mysql，启动MySQL服务
D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\bin>net start mysql The MySQL service is starting. The MySQL service was started successfully.
输入mysql -u root -p，使用初始密码登录mysql，在Enter password后输入初始密码
D:\MySQL\mysql-8.0.20-winx64\bin>mysql -u root -p Enter password: ************ Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.20 Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
登录后，把初始密码修改掉，可以设置成自己容易记住的密码。
输入ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '自己定义的密码'; （分号一定要带）
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '自己定义的密码; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
到这一步就完成了
输入show database; ，可以查看包含哪些数据表
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
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