python的ssh库操作需要引入一个远程控制的模块——paramiko，可用于对远程服务器进行命令或文件操作。
登陆服务器，问题排查。可用于编写脚本，在服务器上做一些繁琐的重复操作。
打开cmd，输入命令
python -m pip install paramiko
配置免密登录，linux上信任了windows的公钥，然后脚本在windows上跑，使用windows的私钥就可以直接不要密码登录linux
注意：提供秘钥的paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('文件')，这里面的"文件"是你本机上的秘钥，不是指你被控机上的公钥哦！
import paramiko
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file("C:\\Users\\liyansheng\\.ssh\\id_rsa")
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
print("connecting")
ssh.connect(hostname="192.168.220.128", username="root", pkey=key)
print("connected")
commands = "uname -a"
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(commands)
stdin.close()
res, err = stdout.read(), stderr.read()
result = res if res else err
print(result)
ssh.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
print()
1.创建一个.py文件，引入 paramiko模块
import paramiko
2.建立SSHClient对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
3.设置可信任，将主机加到host_allow列表
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
4.创建连接
ssh.connect("150.158.16.123", 22, "wuyanping", "2022")5.创建命令，发送并获取响应结果
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command("ls /home")
print(stdout.read().decode("utf-8"))6.关闭连接
ssh.close()
# 执行多条命令,注意传入的参数有个list
def execMultiCmd(host, user, psw, cmds: list, port=22) -> (str, str):
with paramiko.SSHClient() as ssh_client:
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh_client.connect(hostname=host, port=port, username=user, password=psw)
cmd = ";".join(cmds)
_, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command(cmd, get_pty=True)
result = stdout.read().decode('utf-8')
err = stderr.read().decode('utf-8')
return result, err
if __name__ == '__main__':
cmdList = ["cd /home", "ls"]
print(execMultiCmd("192.168.220.128", "root", "root", cmdList))
方法封装：
def down_file(host, user, psw, local_file, remote_file, port=22):
with paramiko.Transport((host, port)) as transport:
# 连接服务
transport.connect(username=user, password=psw)
# 获取SFTP示例
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 下载
sftp.get(remote_file, local_file)
transport.close()
问题：（错误)
if __name__ == '__main__':
down_file(my_linux.host, my_linux.user, my_linux.psw, "D:\\ssh_download", "/home/test.txt")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\MyCode2\py-1\ssh\download.py", line 17, in <module>
down_file("192.168.220.128", "root", "root", "D:\\ssh_download", "/home/test.txt")
File "D:\MyCode2\py-1\ssh\download.py", line 11, in down_file
sftp.get(remote_file, local_file)
File "D:\MyCode2\py-1\venv\lib\site-packages\paramiko\sftp_client.py", line 810, in get
with open(localpath, "wb") as fl:
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'D:\\ssh_download'
正确使用
要指定下载的文件名，不能只是一个目录
if __name__ == '__main__':
down_file(my_linux.host, my_linux.user, my_linux.psw, "D:\\ssh_download\\test.txt", "/home/test.txt")
def upload_file(host, user, psw, local_file, remote_file, port=22):
with paramiko.Transport((host, port)) as transport:
# 连接服务
transport.connect(username=user, password=psw)
# 获取SFTP示例
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
sftp.put(local_file, remote_file)
transport.close()
测试同下载，特别要注意路径问题。如
if __name__ == '__main__':
upload_file(my_linux.host, my_linux.user, my_linux.psw, "D:\\ssh_download\\test123.txt", "/home/test/test123.txt")
import os
import paramiko
class SSHTool():
def __init__(self, ip, port, user, psw):
"""
初始化
:param ip:
:param port:
:param user:
:param psw:
"""
self.ip = ip
self.port = port
self.user = user
self.psw = psw
def connect_ssh(self):
"""
创建连接
:return:
"""
try:
self.ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
self.ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
self.ssh.connect(
hostname=self.ip,
port=self.port,
username=self.user,
password=self.psw
)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return self.ssh
def close_ssh(self):
"""
关闭连接
:return:
"""
try:
self.ssh.close()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
def exec_shell(self, shell):
ssh = self.connect_ssh()
try:
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(shell)
return stdin, stdout, stderr
except Exception as e:
print(e)
def sftp_put_file(self, file, local_dir, remote_dir):
try:
t = paramiko.Transport((self.ip, self.port))
t.connect(username=self.user, password=self.psw)
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)
sftp.put(os.path.join(local_dir, file), remote_dir)
t.close()
except Exception:
print("connect error!")
def sftp_get_file(self, file, local_dir, remote_dir):
try:
t = paramiko.Transport((self.ip, self.port))
t.connect(username=self.user, password=self.psw)
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)
sftp.get(remote_dir, os.path.join(local_dir, file))
t.close()
except Exception:
print("connect error!")
获取当前文件路径：os.getcwd()
import os
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(os.getcwd()) # D:\MyCode2\py-1\ssh
python函数返回多个参数
def get_strs() -> (str, str):
return "hello", "word"
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 返回值为元祖的形式
print(get_strs()) # ('hello', 'word')
# 获取元祖的个数
print(len(get_strs())) # 2
# 通过下标获取元祖的某一个值
print(get_strs().__getitem__(1)) # word
# 通过元祖的某个元素定位对应的下标
print(get_strs().index("hello")) # 0
with … as …使用
为了更好地避免此类问题，不同的编程语言都引入了不同的机制。在 Python 中，对应的解决方式是使用 with as 语句操作上下文管理器（context manager），它能够帮助我们自动分配并且释放资源。简单的理解，同时包含 enter() 和 exit() 方法的对象就是上下文管理器。
格式：
with 表达式 [as target]：
代码块
