查看全部包含“三种⽅法:
解析xml文件并获取根节点:
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 1、打开xml文件 tree =ET.parse(r"E:\Acctrue2.0Test\testData\N0530YPYM001.xml") # 获xml文件的内容取根标签 root = tree.getroot() print(root)
注意xml格式的内容应该没有xml格式声明的内容“<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>”,
如果有则会解析错误:
content = """ <Document xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="关联关系XML Schema-3.0.xsd" License=""> <Events version="3.0"> <Event name="RelationCreate"> <Relation productCode="06970593810109" subTypeNo="06970593810109" cascade="1" packageSpec="50人份/盒" comment="" linkProductCode="" assCorpCode=""> <Batch batchNo="N0530001" madeDate="2022-05-30" validateDate="2023-05-29" workshop="无" lineName="无" lineManager="无"> <Code curCode="010697059381010910N053000117230527" packLayer="1" parentCode="" flag="0" /> </Batch> </Relation> </Event> </Events> </Document> """ root2= ET.XML(content) print(root2)
获取标签名,获取标签属性及获取标签文本:
# 1、打开xml文件 tree =ET.parse(r"E:\Acctrue2.0Test\testData\N0530YPYM001.xml") # 获xml文件的内容取根标签 root = tree.getroot() # 2、读取节点内容 # 2.1 获取根标签下的子标签 for child in root: 获取根节点下的子标签 print(child.tag) # *.tag 是获取标签名字(字符串类型) print( child.attrib) # *.attrib是获取标签属性(字典类型) for node in child: 获取跟标签下子标签的子标签 print(node.tag) print(node.attrib) print(node.text) # *.text 获取标签文本
find() # 此种写法只能获取根标签下的一级子标签,即只能查询下一级标签,不能查询到下一级的下一级标签,且找到的是第一个相应的标签
findall()此种写法只能获取根标签下的一级子标签,即只能查询下一级标签,不能查询到下一级的下一级标签 ,但是找到下一级的所有符合名称的标签
# 1、打开xml文件 from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 1、打开xml文件 from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET tree =ET.parse(r"E:\Acctrue2.0Test\testData\N0530YPYM001.xml") # 获xml文件的内容取根标签 root = tree.getroot() print(root) # 2.2 通过标签名称获取标签 find() events_object = root.find("Events") # 此种写法只能获取根标签下的一级子标签,即只能查询下一级标签,不能查询到下一级的下一级标签,**且找到的是第一个响应的标签** print(events_object.tag, events_object.attrib) event_object = events_object.find("Event") # 进一步获取跟标签下子标签的子标签 print(event_object.tag,event_object.attrib) # 2.3 通过标签名称获取标签 findall() events_objects = root.findall("Events") # 此种写法只能获取根标签下的一级子标签,即只能查询下一级标签,不能查询到下一级的下一级标签,但是可以获取下一级所有符合名称的标签 for event_clee in events_objects: print(event_clee.tag, event_clee.attrib) event_object = event_clee.findall("Event") # 进一步获取跟标签下子标签的子标签 for relation_cell in event_object: print(relation_cell.tag, relation_cell.attrib) # 2.4 findall(xpath) Events_object = root.findall('.//Code') Events_object1 = root.findall('.//Code[@curCode="010697059381010910N053000117230527"]') Events_object2 = root.findall('.//*[@curCode="010697059381010910N053000117230527"]') #注意 前面的“.”不能省略, print(Events_object) print(Events_object1) print(Events_object2[0])
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 1、打开xml文件 tree =ET.parse(r"E:\Acctrue2.0Test\testData\N0530YPYM001.xml") # 获xml文件的内容取根标签 root = tree.getroot() print(root) # 2.2 根据标签名全文搜索标签 Code_object = root.iter("Code") 全文搜索标签名为“Code”的标签 print(Code_object) for code in Code_object: print(code.tag, code.attrib)
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET tree =ET.parse(r"E:\Acctrue2.0Test\testData\N0530YPYM001.xml") # 获xml文件的内容取根标签 root = tree.getroot() relation_object = root.find("Events").find("Event").iter("Relation") # 获取第一个Events的一级子标签下的Relation子标签 for relation_cell in relation_object: relation_cell.set("productCode", "产品编码") # 如果有相应属性,则修改属性值,没有则新增 relation_cell.set("productCode2", "产品编码2") relation_cell.find("Batch").find("Code").text="追溯码" # 注意:如果之前是短标签,增加文本属性后自动变为长标签。 tree = ET.ElementTree(root) tree.write("new.xml", encoding="utf-8",short_empty_elements=True) # 如果文件不存在,则创建文件,如果文件已存在则修改响应内容
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET tree =ET.parse(r"E:\Acctrue2.0Test\testData\N0530YPYM001.xml") # 获xml文件的内容取根标签 root = tree.getroot() # ####################错误的删除方式######################## # # 获取响应标签 # Event_object = root.find("Events").find("Event") # # 删除相应标签 # root.remove(Event_object) # 删除只能删除其子标签,不能删除其子标签下的子标签,因为relation_object是子标签下的子标签,因此此时删除失败 ################## 正确的删除方式############################# Events_object = root.find("Events") Event_object = Events_object.find("Event") Events_object.remove(Event_object) tree = ET.ElementTree(root) tree.write("new.xml", encoding="utf-8") # 如果文件不存在,则创建文件,如果文件已存在则修改响应内容
先创建各类标签,再建立标签之间关系:
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 创建根标签 root = ET.Element("root") # 创建一个标签tagName1 tagName1 = ET.Element("tagName1", {"tag1Attribute":"AttributeValue1"}) # 创建一个标签tagName2 tagName2 = ET.Element("tagName2", {"tag2Attribute":"AttributeValue2"}) # 创建一个标签tagName11 tagName11 = ET.Element("tagName11", {"tag11Attribute":"AttributeValue11"}) # 创建一个标签tagName12 tagName12 = ET.Element("tagName12", {"tag12Attribute":"AttributeValue12"}) # 将标签tagName11和tagName12 添加的tagName1中作为tagName1的子标签 tagName1.append(tagName11) tagName1.append(tagName12) # 将标签tagName1和tagName2 添加的root中作为root的子标签 root.append(tagName1) root.append(tagName2) # 保存 tree = ET.ElementTree(root) tree.write("newCreate.xml", xml_declaration=True, encoding="utf-8",short_empty_elements=True) # xml_declaration是否包含声明文件, encoding编码方式,short_empty_elements 规定是短标签(单标签)还是双标签
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <root> <tagName1 tag1Attribute="AttributeValue1"> <tagName11 tag11Attribute="AttributeValue11"/> <tagName12 tag12Attribute="AttributeValue12"/> </tagName1> <tagName2 tag2Attribute="AttributeValue2"/> </root>
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 创建根节点 root = ET.Element("family") # 创建一级子标签 son1 = root.makeelement("son", {"name":"son1"}) son2 = root.makeelement("son", {"name":"son2"}) # 创建二级子标签 grandson1 = son1.makeelement("grandson1", {"name":"grandson1"}) grandson2 = son1.makeelement("grandson1", {"name":"grandson2"}) # 将二级子标签与一级子标签关联 son1.append(grandson1) son1.append(grandson2) # 将一级子标签与根标签关联 root.append(son2) root.append(son1) tree = ET.ElementTree(root) tree.write("../testData/neswfile.xml", xml_declaration=True, encoding="utf-8")
此种方式是在创建元素时直接建立相关关系:
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 创建根节点 root = ET.Element("family") # 创建一级子标签 son1 = ET.SubElement(root, "son", {"name":"son1"}) son2 = ET.SubElement(root,"son", {"name":"son2"}) # 创建二级子标签 grandson1 = ET.SubElement(son1,"grandson1", {"name":"grandson1"}) grandson1.text="大孙子" grandson2 = ET.SubElement(son1,"grandson1", {"name":"grandson2"}) grandson2.text="小孙子" tree = ET.ElementTree(root) tree.write("../testData/neswfile.xml", xml_declaration=True, encoding="utf-8")
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <family> <son name="son1"> <grandson1 name="grandson1">大孙子</grandson1> <grandson1 name="grandson2">小孙子</grandson1> </son> <son name="son2"/> </family>