在Java中提供了一系列的校验方式
这些校验方式在javax.validation.constraints
包中
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId> </dependency>
@Null 验证对象是否为null
@NotNull 验证对象是否不为null, 无法查检长度为0的字符串
@NotBlank 检查约束字符串是不是Null还有被Trim的长度是否大于0,只对字符串,且会去掉前后空格.
@NotEmpty 检查约束元素是否为NULL或者是EMPTY.
Booelan检查
长度检查
日期检查
数值检查
建议使用在Stirng,Integer类型,不建议使用在int类型上,因为表单值为“”时无法转换为int,但可以转换为Stirng为”“,Integer为null
controller中加校验注解@Valid,开启校验
步骤1:实体类字段上使用校验注解 @NotNull @NotEmpty @NotBlank @Pattern
步骤2:controller中加校验注解@Valid,开启校验
步骤3:给校验的Bean后,紧跟一个BindingResult,就可以获取到校验的结果
public R save(@Valid @RequestBody User user, BindingResult result){}
实体中添加注解
@Data public class Student { @NotEmpty(message ="姓名不能为空") private String name; }
controller层中保存方法添加:@Valid
@PostMapping("/jsr") public AjaxResult testJrs(@Valid @RequestBody User user, BindingResult result) { String name = user.getName(); HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("name", name); map.put("errors", result.getFieldErrors()); return AjaxResult.success("数据校验", map); }
数据校验测试:测试:http://localhost:8080/test/jsr
@Data public class User { @NotEmpty(message = "姓名不能为空") @ApiModelProperty("姓名") private String name; @ApiModelProperty("学号") private String id; @ApiModelProperty("年龄") private String age; }
返回信息
{ "msg": "数据校验", "code": 200, "data": { "name": "", "errors": [ { "codes": [ "NotEmpty.user.name", "NotEmpty.name", "NotEmpty.java.lang.String", "NotEmpty" ], "arguments": [ { "codes": [ "user.name", "name" ], "defaultMessage": "name", "code": "name" } ], "defaultMessage": "姓名不能为空", "objectName": "user", "field": "name", "rejectedValue": "", "bindingFailure": false, "code": "NotEmpty" } ] } }
@PostMapping("/package") public AjaxResult testPackage(@Valid @RequestBody User user, BindingResult result) { String name = user.getName(); Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("name", name); if (result.hasErrors()) { //1.获取错误的校验结果 result.getFieldErrors().forEach((item) -> { //2.获取发生错误时的message String message = item.getDefaultMessage(); //3.获取发生错误的字段 String field = item.getField(); map.put(field, message); }); return AjaxResult.error("数据校验", map); } else { return AjaxResult.success(map); } }
自定义的封装错误信息:测试:http://localhost:80/test/package
{ "name": "", "id": "demoData", "age": "demoData" }
错误信息
{ "msg": "数据校验", "code": 500, "data": { "name": "姓名不能为空" } }
@Slf4j @RestControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.michale.jrs303.controllers") public class FireflyMallExceptionControllerAdvice { /** * 处理数据校验问题 * @param e * @return */ @ExceptionHandler(value = MethodArgumentNotValidException.class) public Result handleVaildException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e) { log.error("数据校验出现问题:{},异常类型:{}", e.getMessage(), e.getClass()); BindingResult bindingResult = e.getBindingResult(); Map<String, String> errorMap = new HashMap(); bindingResult.getFieldErrors().forEach((fieldError) -> { errorMap.put(fieldError.getField(), fieldError.getDefaultMessage()); }); return Result.fail(errorMap, "数据校验出现问题"); } /** * 处理其他异常 * @param throwable * @return */ @ExceptionHandler(value = Throwable.class) public Result handleException(Throwable throwable) { return Result.fail(); } }
@RequestMapping("/testException") public Result testException(@Valid @RequestBody Student student) { String name = student.getName(); Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("name", name); return Result.ok(map); }
测试统一异常处理:测试:http://localhost:8080/testException
{ "msg": "数据校验出现问题", "path": "/test/testException", "code": 414, "errors": { "name": "姓名不能为空" } }
错误信息
{ "code": 500, "msg": "数据校验出现问题", "data": { "name": "姓名不能为空" } }
/** * @Author 天才小狐狸 * @Data 2022/8/11 2:03 * @Description 姓名校验分组 */ public interface NameGroup { }
/** * @Author 天才小狐狸 * @Data 2022/8/11 2:04 * @Description 年龄校验分组 */ public interface AgeGroup { }
@Data public class Student { @NotEmpty(message ="姓名不能为空",groups = NameGroup.class) private String name; @NotEmpty(message ="绰号不能为空",groups = NameGroup.class) private String nickName; @Min(value = 18,message = "年龄下限不能低于18岁" ,groups = AgeGroup.class) private String age; @Max(value = 60,message = "年龄上限不能超过60岁" ,groups = AgeGroup.class) private String retireAge; }
@Validated(NameGroup.class)指定校验分组
@RequestMapping("/testGroup") public Result testGroup(@Validated(NameGroup.class) @RequestBody Student student) { String name = student.getName(); String nickName = student.getNickName(); String age = student.getAge(); String retireAge = student.getRetireAge(); Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("name", name); map.put("nickname", nickName); map.put("age", age); map.put("retireAge", retireAge); return Result.ok(map); }
测试分组校验:http://localhost:8080/testGroup
{ "name":"", "nickName":"", "age":"17", "retireAge":"66" }
错误信息
{ "code": 500, "msg": "数据校验出现问题", "data": { "nickName": "绰号不能为空", "name": "姓名不能为空" } }
@Validated(AgeGroup.class)指定校验分组
@RequestMapping("/testGroup") public Result testGroup(@Validated(AgeGroup.class) @RequestBody Student student) { String name = student.getName(); String nickName = student.getNickName(); String age = student.getAge(); String retireAge = student.getRetireAge(); Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("name", name); map.put("nickname", nickName); map.put("age", age); map.put("retireAge", retireAge); return Result.ok(map); }
测试分组校验:http://localhost:8080/testGroup
{ "name":"", "nickName":"", "age":"17", "retireAge":66 }
错误信息
{ "code": 500, "msg": "数据校验出现问题", "data": { "retireAge": "年龄上限不能超过60岁", "age": "年龄下限不能低于18岁" } }
比如要创建一个:@ListValue 注解,被标注的字段值只能是:0或1
@Documented @Target({ METHOD, FIELD, ANNOTATION_TYPE, CONSTRUCTOR, PARAMETER, TYPE_USE }) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface ListValue { // 使用该属性去Validation.properties中取 String message() default "{com.atguigu.common.valid.ListValue.message}"; Class<?>[] groups() default { }; Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default { }; int[] value() default {}; }
设置错误信息:创建文件ValidationMessages.properties
com.firefly.common.valid.ListValue.message=必须提交指定的值 [0,1]
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator; import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; /** * @author Michale @EMail:firefly@163.com * @Date: 2022/1/8 19:23 * @Name ListValueConstraintValidator * @Description: */ public class ListValueConstraintValidator implements ConstraintValidator<ListValue, Integer> { private Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>(); @Override public void initialize(ListValue constraintAnnotation) { //获取注解允许的值 int[] value = constraintAnnotation.value(); for (int i : value) { set.add(i); } } @Override public boolean isValid(Integer value, ConstraintValidatorContext context) { //判断传入的值是否在满足允许的值 boolean b = set.contains(value); return b; } }
在@ListValue注解关联校验器
@Constraint(validatedBy = { ListValueConstraintValidator.class})
一个校验注解可以匹配多个校验器
@ListValue(value = {0,1},groups = {AgeGroup.class,MyJRS303Group.class}) private Integer gender;
测试自定义校验器:http://localhost:8080/testGroup
{ "gender":"3" }
{ "code": 500, "msg": "数据校验出现问题", "data": { "gender": "必须提交指定的值 [0,1]" } }