如何通过JavaScript、css、H5实现简单的tab栏切换和复用功能

小余努力搬砖 2022-11-30 我要评论

一、效果展示

二、实现的大致原理

1.我们先通过css 和h5布局得到最基本的tab栏样式（有代码参考）

2.在获得样式，给我们所需要点击的目标设置监听事件，在获取节点，设置一个自定义的节点属性index,通过它在获取点击出现样式的节点，在经过寻找元素，设置全取消，点击相应的节点出现的效果。这里获取节点方式，都是通过点击元素获取父元素，在获得子元素，同级获得兄弟元素，在获取兄弟元素的子元素（笼统的解释，细节部分看代码段的解释）

三、H5的布局

没有特殊的地方，都是基本的写法，只要给定一定的选择器就可以了

    <div class="tab">
        <div class="nav">
            <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="hover">公司新闻</a>
            <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >公司动态</a>
            <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >行业新闻</a>
        </div>
        <div class="nav_con"> 
            <div>内容</div>
            <div>动态</div>
            <div>行业</div>
        </div>
    </div>
 
    <div class="tab">
        <div class="nav">
            <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="hover">大学</a>
            <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >中学</a>
            <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >小学</a>
        </div>
        <div class="nav_con">
            <div>大学内容</div>
            <div>中学内容</div>
            <div>小学内容</div>
        </div>
    </div>

四、CSS样式

为了得到视屏中的样式，需要设置最基本的效果，通过浮动，是元素在同一行，浮动会脱离文档流，可以给a标签设置宽高，可以设置一些外边距，使得好看一些。注意设置出现内容的消失，我们默认只出现第一个。

        a{
            text-decoration: none;
            width: 180px;
            height: 30px;
            line-height: 30px;
            text-align: center;
            color: #666;
            float: left;
            margin-right: 15px;
        }
        .nav a{
            background-color: beige;
        }
        .nav a.hover{
            background-color: blue;
        }
        .nav_con div:first-child~div{
            display: none;
        }
        .nav::after{
            content: '';
            display: block;
            clear: both;
        }
    .nav_con{
        margin-bottom: 50px;
    }

五、JS代码内容

按照顺序来，流程如下

获取元素

通过委派给父亲添加监听事件

先获得当前的父节点，在通过父节点获得所有的子节点

设置排他思想

给每一个子节点加上一个自定义属性 index

获取当前被点击的nav a上面的属性index

获取当前元素的父级元素，在获得父级的兄弟，在找到子元素

当前nav_con 显示内容

当前节点获得hover样式

 let navNodes = document.querySelectorAll('.nav');
         for(let i=0;i<navNodes.length;i++){
        //通过委派给父亲添加监听事件
    navNodes[i].addEventListener('click',function(e){
        //先获得当前的父节点，在通过父节点获得所有的子节点
 let navs = e.target.parentNode.children;
        //设置排他思想
    for(let j=0;j<navs.length;j++){
    navs[j].className='';
        //给每一个子节点加上一个自定义属性 index
    navs[j].setAttribute("index",j)
}
        //获取当前被点击的nav a上面的属性index
 let thisIndex = e.target.getAttribute("index");
        //获取当前元素的父级元素，在获得父级的兄弟，在找到子元素
 let nav_cons = e.target.parentNode.nextElementSibling.children;
        for(let j=0;j<nav_cons.length;j++){
        nav_cons[j].style.display = "none";
}
        //当前nav_con 显示内容
        nav_cons[thisIndex].style.display="block"
 
       //当前节点获得hover样式
        e.target.className = "hover"
})
}

六、完整代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        a{
            text-decoration: none;
            width: 180px;
            height: 30px;
            line-height: 30px;
            text-align: center;
            color: #666;
            float: left;
            margin-right: 15px;
        }
        .nav a{
            background-color: beige;
        }
        .nav a.hover{
            background-color: blue;
        }
 
        .nav_con div:first-child~div{
            display: none;
        }
        .nav::after{
            content: '';
            display: block;
            clear: both;
        }
    .nav_con{
        margin-bottom: 50px;
    }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="tab">
        <div class="nav">
            <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="hover">公司新闻</a>
            <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >公司动态</a>
            <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >行业新闻</a>
        </div>
        <div class="nav_con"> 
            <div>内容</div>
            <div>动态</div>
            <div>行业</div>
        </div>
    </div>
 
    <div class="tab">
        <div class="nav">
            <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="hover">大学</a>
            <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >中学</a>
            <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >小学</a>
        </div>
        <div class="nav_con">
            <div>大学内容</div>
            <div>中学内容</div>
            <div>小学内容</div>
        </div>
    </div>
 
 
 
    <script>
        let navNodes = document.querySelectorAll('.nav');
         for(let i=0;i<navNodes.length;i++){
        //通过委派给父亲添加监听事件
            navNodes[i].addEventListener('click',function(e){
                //先获得当前的父节点，在通过父节点获得所有的子节点
                let navs = e.target.parentNode.children;
                for(let j=0;j<navs.length;j++){
                    navs[j].className='';
                    //给每一个子节点加上一个自定义属性 index
                    navs[j].setAttribute("index",j)
                }
                //获取当前被点击的nav a上面的属性index
                let thisIndex = e.target.getAttribute("index");
                //获取当前元素的父级元素，在获得父级的兄弟，在找到子元素
                let nav_cons = e.target.parentNode.nextElementSibling.children;
                for(let j=0;j<nav_cons.length;j++){
                    nav_cons[j].style.display = "none";
                }
                //当前nav_con 显示内容
                nav_cons[thisIndex].style.display="block"
 
                //当前节点获得hover样式
                e.target.className = "hover"
            })
         }
 
 
 
    </script>
</body>
</html>